OER are freely
accessible openly licensed text, media and other digital assets that are useful 4 teaching, learning and assessing
as well as for research purposes .It
is the leading trend in distance education /open
and distance learning domain as
a consequence of the openness movement. There is no universal usage of open file
formats in OER.The
development and promotion of open educational resources is often motivated buy a desire to provide and
alternate or enhanced educational paradigm. (Paradigm
is a distinct set of concepts
or thought patterns including theories, research methods, postulates and
standard for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field.)
Defining
The Scope And Nature Of Open Educational Resource
The idea of open
educational resources has numerous
working definitions.
t.The term was firstly coined at UNESCO's 2002 forum of open
courseware and designates" teaching, learning and research materials in
any medium,
digital or otherwise,
that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open licence that permits no cost access , use, adaptation and
redistribution by others with no or Limited restrictions .Open licensing is built within
the existing framework of intellectual
property rights as defined by relevant International conventions and respects
the authorship of the work ". William and flora Hewlett Foundation term which defines open educational
resources as;
teaching, learning and research resources that
reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property
licence that permits there free use and repurposing by others .Open educational
resources include full courses,
course materials, modules,textbooks
,streaming videos , tests, software and any other
tools ,materials or techniques
used to support access to knowledge . The
organisation for economic cooperation and development (OECD
)defines Open
educational resources as;"digitised materials offered freely and openly for
educators ,students and self -learners to use and
reuse for teaching ,learning
and research .Open
educational resources includes learning content,
software tools to develop,
use and distribute content
and implementation resources such as open licences. Since
open educational resources are intended to be available for a variety of
educational purposes, most organisations using open educational resources
neither award degrees nor provide
academic for or administrative support to students seeking college credits towards a
diploma from a degree granting accredited institution. Freely
available educational resources are not necessarily open educational resources .Many educational resources
made available on the Internet are
gearedy to allowing online access to digitised
educational content ,but
the materials themselves are restrictively
licenced.
History
The open educational
resources movement originated from developments in open and distance learning (ODL) and in the wider
context of a culture of open knowledge,
open source, free sharing and peer
collaboration which emerged in the late 20th
century.
Licensing
and it types :Open
education resource Oftenn
involve issues relating to intellectual property rights .Traditional educational
materials such as text books,
are protected under conventional copyright terms.
Types of open
educational resources include :full
courses ,course materials, modulus ,learning objects,open text books, openly licenced videos ,tests, software and other
tools ,materials orr techniques used to
support access to knowledge .Open education resource
may be freely and openly available static resources ,dynamic resources which
is change over
time in course of having knowledge seekers interacting with and updating them or a course or module with a
combination of these resources.
Open educational policy
:Open educational resource policies are
principles or tenets adopted by governing bodies in support of the use of open content
and practices in educational institutions.
Many of these policies require publicly funded
resources be openly licenced.Such
policies are emerging increasingly at the country ,state, province and more
local level.
(Open education resources
are teaching,learning and research materials in any medium that reside in the
public domain or have been released released under an open licence that permits
their
free use and repurposing by others).
Creative common licence
:A creative commons (CC) licence is one of the
several public copyright licences that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted
work .A creative commons
licence is used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use and build upon a
work that they have created.CC
provides an author flexibility an protects the people who
use or redistribute an author's work from
concerns of copyright infringement as long as they abide by the conditions
that are specified in the licence by which the author distributes the work. There are several types of CC licences. The licences differ by several
combinations that condition the terms of distribution. There were initially released on December
16, 2002 by Creative
commons ,a US non profit
Corporation founded in 2001.
There have also been 5
versions of the suite
of licences ,numbered
1.0 through 4.0 .As
of July 2017,
the 4.0 licence suit is the
most current . Work
licensed under a creative commons licence is governed by applicable copyright
law. This allows creative commons licence to
be applied to all work falling under copyright ,including ,books,
plays,movies, music, articles photographs, blogs and websites .CC does not recommend
the use of Creative commons licence for software .However application of a creative commons
licence may not modify
the rights allowed by fair use or fair dealing or exert restrictions which violate copyright exceptions. Furthermore CC licences are non exclusive
and non revocable.
Any work or copies of
the work obtained under a
CC licence may continue to be used under that licence .The CC licences all grant the "baseline rights",
such as the right to distribute the copyrighted work worldwide for noncommercial
purpose, and without modification. The legal implications of large number of works having creative
commons licensing are difficult to predict,
and there is speculation that media creators often lack
insight to be able to choose
the licence which best meets their
intent in
applying it.
Emerging
digital assistive Technologies:
Assistive technology is
an umbrella term that includes assistive, adaptive and rehabilitative
device for
people with disabilities and also includes the process used in selecting, locating and using
them. Assistive Technology promotes greater Independence
by enabling people to perform tasks
that they wear formerly unable
to accomplishing,
by providing enhancements to,
or changing methods of interacting with ,the
technology needed to
accomplish such
task. Assistive Technology may be classified as
a device or system that provides people with practical solutions to everyday life activities.
Emerging technologies are those technical
innovations which present
progressive developments
within a field for
competitive advantage.
Assistive technologies have developed rapidly in
recent years,
allowing people with motor
disabilities to live more Independent and comfortable lives.
List of emerging Technologies: Agriculture (agricultural
robot, closed ecological
systems), aviation (drones, micro air vehicle), Construction,
architecture (arcology), materials science Tec.
Emerging technologies
are technologies that are
perceived as capable of changing the status quo.
These are characterized by
radical novelty, relatively fast growth,
prominent impact and uncertainty
and ambiguity .Emerging
technologies include a
variety of technologies
such as educational technology,
Information Technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, cognitive science, psycho Technology
robotics and artificial intelligence. Digital
technology is a base two
process .Digital information is
recorded in binary code of combinations of the digital 0 and 1, also called bits, which represent words
and images .
Digital technology enables immense amounts of
information to be compressed on smart storage devices that can be easily
presented and transported.
Digitalization also quickens data
transmission speeds.
Digital technology has
transformed how people communicate,
Learn and work .American engineers began developing digital
technology in the mid-
twentieth century .Their techniques were based on
mathematical concepts suggested by the 17th century German mathematician ;Gottfried Wilhelm leibniz,who
proposed a binary computing system.
His innovation inspired
such numerical codes as American standard
code for information interchange that described objects with digits.
Workshop on information communication technology was organized at NSS training college ottapalam on 21st august 2017.The program was inaugurated by our beloved principal Dr.lakshmi .k. nair and chaired by Dr.Ambili Aravind,HOD .Both welcomed all students of 1st M.Ed.Program was facilitated by our beloved Professor Dr.K.Sajan.This workshop was a seven day programe .The programme was a huge successful one.Even though we had a very little knowledge on computer applications we could do all the works in a better way.From this workshop we got a good awarness about computer softwares and applications.Each day was very interesting and informative.Following are our works done on this workshop:
PREPARING A WORD DOCUMENT
This takes us half a day to prepare a word document and converting it to a apa format.we were very sure about this work that this will be very useful for our future academic works especially during our dessertation completion.our Proffessor Sajan sir helped us a lot in correcting each sections and claryfying our doubts.PREPARING A POWER POINT
Preparing a power point was quite interesting one.to include images,videos etc. made it interesting and creative.this gave us a wide understanding about presenting a power point
editing image,audio file and video files:our recorded audio was edited using audacity software and video files was also edited using suitable softwares such as video cutters.Images are also downloaded and then edited.
PREPARING AN EXCEL SHEET
An excel sheet was prepared by us according to the guidance of our teacher.we had entered the data such as time taken for each item in a day.also total time taken for each item during 6 days.
PREPARATION OF BLOG
This was the time user because most of the time we spent was on preparing and posting on blog.we all had posted our ICT seminar topics on our blog as everyone could see and go through our posters.we have tried to make our blogs very attractive and user friendly so that everyone could easily access it .
Data entered in excel sheet was ploted using two graphs:
1.column chart and
2.pie chart
it is shown below..
COLUMN CHART
PIE CHART
